Written by Shin Ki-young, Professor at Ochanomizu University, Japan

Women who dare to speak out about sexual violence experience overwhelming anxiety across various aspects of their lives.

As the history of Women in Black shows, each Women in Black group has its own approach to feminist action, growing out of their local situation, but linked to each other through international theories and conferences.

Clearly, liberal democratic initiatives such as the enshrinement of women's rights will continue to fail until structural inequalities, as well as the social norms that allow gender-based violence, are confronted

Written by Shin Ki-young, Professor at Ochanomizu University, Japan

On November 12~14, 2015, an international people’s tribunal was held in The Hague, the Netherlands for the crimes against humanity that had occurred in Indonesia in 1965.

Written by Jeong Yeong-hwan, Professor at Meiji Gakuin University, and Pak Noja, Professor at the University of Oslo

The Women's International War Crimes Tribunal on the Trial of Japan's Military Sexual Slavery in 2000 (hereinafter the ‘Women's International War Crimes Tribunal 2000’), which was hosted in Tokyo, Japan from December 8 to 12, 2000, was a people’s tribunal[1] that held the Japanese government – the perpetrating state - and Emperor Hirohito responsible for war crimes. It was viewed as the most appropriate alternative plan devised at a time when it was no longer feasible to hold a legally effective international court with any cooperation from the Japanese government.